"biogas upgrading" book
Biogas upgrading
Raw biogas produced from digestion is roughly 60% methane and 29% CO
2 with trace elements of H
2S, and is not high quality enough if the owner was planning on selling this gas or using it as fuel gas for machinery. The corrosive nature of H
2S alone is enough to destroy the internals of an expensive plant. The solution is the use of a biogas upgrading or purification process whereby contaminants in the raw biogas stream are adsorbed or scrubbed, leaving 98% methane per unit volume of gas. There are four main methods of biogas upgrading, these include water washing, pressure swing adsorption, selexol adsorption and chemical treatment. The most prevalent method is water washing where high pressure gas flows into a column where the carbon dioxide and other trace elements are scrubbed by cascading water running counter-flow to the gas. This arrangement can deliver 98% methane with manufacturers guaranteeing maximum 2% methane loss in the system. It takes roughly between 3-6% of the total energy output in gas to run a biogas upgrading system.
[edit] Biogas gas-grid injection
Gas-grid injection is the
injection of biogas into the
methane grid (
natural gas grid). Injections includes biogas:
[23] until the breakthrough of
micro combined heat and power two-thirds of all the energy produced by
biogas power plants was lost (the heat), using the grid to transport the gas to customers, the electricity and the heat can be used for
on-site generation [24] resulting in a reduction of losses in the transportation of energy. Typical energy losses in natural gas transmission systems range from 1–2%. The current energy losses on a large electrical system range from 5–8%.
[25]
[edit] Legislation
wikipedia
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